Geopolitics in Southeast Asia is influenced by various factors, including colonial history, natural wealth, and the region’s strategic position on international trade routes. In the context of power dynamics, countries in Southeast Asia not only act as observers, but also as key actors in global geopolitics. For example, China’s rise as an economic and military power is changing the political landscape in the region. One important aspect of Southeast Asian geopolitics is the strategic importance involving the South China Sea. Abundant natural resources and vital trade routes make territorial conflicts in this region increasingly complicated. Countries such as Vietnam, the Philippines and Malaysia have an interest in pushing for sovereignty over the region, in conflict with China’s expansive claims. The United States is also involved, strengthening alliances with ASEAN countries to oppose Chinese domination. ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) as a regional organization has an important role in promoting political stability in the region. Through diplomacy and dialogue mechanisms, ASEAN seeks to resolve territorial disputes peacefully. However, its effectiveness is often hampered by differing national interests between member countries. Commitment to the principle of non-intervention often inhibits more decisive collective action. Climate change and natural disasters are also geopolitical challenges in Southeast Asia. Many countries, such as Indonesia and the Philippines, are vulnerable to hydrometeorological disasters, which can affect food security and social stability. This instability is often exploited by external actors to increase their influence, by offering humanitarian assistance for political purposes. The tendency to develop bilateral relations is increasingly striking. Countries such as Thailand and Vietnam are encouraging economic cooperation with China to increase investment and infrastructure, although they remain cautious about maintaining sovereignty. On the other hand, Japan and India are seeking to strengthen their position in the region, offering a more liberal alternative to Chinese influence. Global shifts in power, including the rise of Taiwan and South Korea, are also influencing dynamics in Southeast Asia. These countries have the potential to form new alliances that shift the balance of power. Public diplomacy and soft power have become effective tools in promoting democratic values and human rights, responding to the dominance of authoritarian government styles. International issues such as terrorism, human trafficking, and migration also add layers of geopolitical complexity to Southeast Asia. International cooperation is becoming increasingly important in facing these challenges, with countries seeking to create more effective security networks. Cyberspace is also a new terrain in geopolitics. In facing cyber threats, Southeast Asian countries are trying to strengthen their digital capacities. Given the reliance on technology for national and economic security, developing secure cyber infrastructure is a priority. Power dynamics in Southeast Asia, for all their complexity, show that despite these countries’ strong historical and cultural ties, national interests often drive dramatic foreign policy shifts. Security and stability in the region depend critically on countries’ ability to navigate complex international relationships, leverage regional cooperation, and ensure sustainability in the face of global challenges.