The political crisis in the Middle East has attracted international attention over the past few decades. Various causal factors, such as sectarian conflicts, political instability, and foreign intervention, play an important role in shaping the complex situation in the region. One major element of this crisis is the sectarian conflict between Sunnis and Shiites. Countries such as Iraq and Syria are experiencing increasing tensions between the two schools. For example, the rise of ISIS in Syria and Iraq has exacerbated the situation, with the group exploiting popular dissatisfaction with governments dominated by certain sects. This creates long-lasting tensions, where sectarian violence makes relations between groups even more complicated. Additionally, internal political factors in countries such as Lebanon, Yemen and Libya also contributed to the complexity of the crisis. In Lebanon, a political system based on sharing power between different communities often leads to stagnation and division. Meanwhile, Yemen is caught in a civil war involving various domestic and foreign factions, making it a concrete example of state failure. Foreign intervention also added to the severity of the crisis. Countries such as the United States, Russia, and Iran are directly involved in the conflict, each with different strategic interests. The military and political support provided to various factions adds layers of complexity, often prolonging conflicts and impeding peaceful resolution. For example, Iran’s involvement in Syria in support of Bashar al-Assad’s regime aims to maintain its influence in the region, while the US seeks to quell Iran’s rise. The economy also plays an important role in political crises. Oil producing countries experience significant economic volatility due to oil price fluctuations. Relying on oil revenues, economic instability can fuel public discontent and protests, as seen in the case of the Arab Spring. People disillusioned with a corrupt government and unable to meet basic needs often take to the streets, creating an even greater wave of instability. The role of social media cannot be ignored in the context of this crisis. Digital platforms have been used to spread propaganda, organize protests, and empower grassroots movements across the region. Although social media can be a tool for disseminating information and mobilization, it can also be used by certain parties to manipulate public opinion and incite violence. The refugee crisis is a further impact of prolonged political tensions. Millions of people have been forced to flee their homes due to war and violence, creating major challenges for neighboring countries and Europe. The crisis sparked debate about immigration policy and global responsibility in dealing with refugees seeking protection. The conclusion that can be drawn from this situation is that the political crisis in the Middle East is not a simple phenomenon. Complexities involving sectarian factors, foreign intervention, economic conditions, and social media create major challenges for regional stability. Any attempt to understand and resolve this crisis needs to take into account its multiple dimensions, and it is important to look into the broader historical context to find sustainable solutions.